THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO DEPOSIT INSURANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL INCLUSION

Abstract

Introduction. Financial inclusion is an important factor that can positively influence the stability of the banking system by enhancing its resilience through the engagement of a more balanced customer base and reducing the risk of bankruptcy due to more even income distribution and risk diversification. The scientific discourse on deposit insurance systems and mechanisms for resolving distressed banks is becoming increasingly relevant as critical elements of financial stability. These mechanisms have a direct impact on global financial inclusion by fostering trust in the banking system, which serves as a foundation for expanding access to financial services. The introduction of 100% deposit guarantees under heightened risks caused by martial law has helped maintain trust in the banking system. This decision aligned with international practices of crisis management in the financial sector.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical concept and trends of global financial inclusion, emphasizing the prioritization of deposit insurance for both institutional and individual societies.

Results. Extreme market conditions (such as the intensification of war) necessitate changes in both goals and business models, requiring new approaches to optimize the limited resources of economic agents. The theoretical and conceptual foundations of the impact of financial inclusion on the standardization of financial instruments and practices that facilitate access to capital markets have been summarized. The specific features of deposit insurance under the development of modern finance and the rapidly evolving landscape of financial technologies to prevent systemic risks have been analyzed. The influence of macroeconomic uncertainty on the channels of financial inclusion has been examined. It is argued that the implementation of deposit insurance programs increases the need for oversight and regulation of banking activities due to the critical role of banks in the national economy and the development of capital markets.

Conclusions. Financial inclusion is a key policy priority in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). Its prospects depend on a crucial segment of the financial sector – insurance, which ensures measures to protect savings through insurance funds. Standardizing procedures for obtaining guaranteed compensation by a spouse with a certificate of property ownership, or by a guardian of the property of a person declared missing or absent under extraordinary circumstances, will help reduce social tension among citizens. For more effective implementation of the Deposit Guarantee Fund's (DGF) management of bank assets, it is advisable to conduct thorough preliminary asset preparation, including liquidity assessment, market conditions analysis, and marketing. Maintaining trust in banks will require synchronization with supervision and licensing policies to mitigate risks, along with scaling up public awareness campaigns about deposit insurance mechanisms to encourage greater public participation in the formal financial sector.