IMPACT BIG BUSINESS ON THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND GLOBAL SECURITY IN THE YEARS 1618–1946
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/sf2024.04.180Keywords:
dominant paradigm, alternative paradigm, international economic relations, global security, globalization, integration, liberalization, international tradeAbstract
Introduction. Collective West and the Global South, which is taking place during Russia's war against Ukraine, they continue to use such dominant paradigms of international cooperation as the liberalization of international trade, globalization, internationalization and the integration of national economies into the world economy, which are based exclusively on economic efficiency. The above has led to a significant undermining of global security.
The article uses a multidimensional approach to the historical past for the period 1618–1946 within the framework of imperial, comparative and transnational theories, which made it possible to prove the negative role of big business in the implementation of international economic cooperation between countries, which largely led to the deepening of inequality in economic growth, poverty, social revolutions, and colonial, local, regional and two destructive world wars.
The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate the negative impact of big business on the state of global security in the years 1618–1946 in the process of evolution of paradigms of international economic relations and the need to take this fact into account when developing new approaches to international economic cooperation of democratic countries with modern authoritarian and terrorist regimes.
Results. Four stages of emergence, formation and paradigm changes of international economic relations that significantly influenced the global security system from the initial pre-paradigm period of 1618-1648 to the formation of the dominant paradigm of business liberalization and international trade in 1648-1929 and its rapid replacement by Keynesianism with active participation and state control of these processes during the two world wars.
Conclusions. On the basis of a multidimensional approach to the past, it is proved that the economic motives of big business of authoritarian states leveled equality in the implementation of dominant paradigms of international economic relations, which generated inequality and fixation of poverty in less developed countries, provoking civil conflicts in the middle of states and wars between them.
References
Sloter, E-M. (2023). Skladne zavdannia. Yak buduvaty vidnosyny z Rosiiu ta Kytaiem dali? [A difficult task. How to build relations with Russia and China further?] Available at: https://nv.ua/ukr/opinion/chomu-rosiya-pochala-viynu-shcho-chekaye-nazahid-i-moskvu-kitay-ostanni-novini-50258192.html.
Miroshnychenko, B. (2022). Pryvyd tretoi svitovoi. Yak Rosiia i Kytai zmusyly pereozbroiitysia uves svit [The ghost of the third world. How Russia and China forced the whole world to rearm]. Available at: https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2022/08/5/690046/.
Rainert, E. S. (2019). Yak bahati krainy staly bahatymy… I chomu bidni krainy zalishaiutsia bidnymy [How rich countries became rich...And why poor countries remain poor]. (Trans. Y. Sinaiko). (Ed. V. Halasiuk). Kyiv: Samit-Knyha [in Ukrainian].
Shcherbak, V. O. (2003). Vestfalskyi myr 1648 r. [Peace of Westphalia in 1648] Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy. (Vd. 1: A-V). (Ed. V. A. Smolii). NAN Ukrainy. Instytut istorii Ukrainy. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. Available at: http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=Vestfalskyj_myr_1648/.
Ostapenko, O. I., Riashko, V. I. (2015). Kant. Viina i myr. Vazhkyi shliakh do vichnoho myru [Kant. War and peace. A difficult path to eternal peace]. Available at: https://science.lpnu.ua/sites/default/files/journal-paper/2017/may/2517/vnulpurn201581333.pdf.
Smit, A. (2019). Doslidzhennia po pryrodu I prychyny bahatstva narodiv [An Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations]. (Trans. O. Vasylieva, M. Mezhevikina, A. Malivskyi). Nash format [in Ukrainian].
Ricardo, D. On the principles of political economy and taxation. Available at: https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/ricardo/Principles.pdf.
Mill, J. S. (1848). Principles of political economy. London. Available at: https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=hloBAAAAQAAJ.
Marshal, A. Pryntsypy ekonomiky [Principles of Economics]. Elektronna knyha. Available at: https://www.econlib.org/library/Marshall/marP.html [in Ukrainian].
Dalrymple, W. (2019). The anarchy. The East India company, corporate violence and the pillage of an empire. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336956354_The_Anarchy_The_East_India_Company_Corporate_Violence_and_the_Pillage_of_an_Empire.
Voznyi, K. Z. (2010). Viina: vid ekonomichnykh motyviv do naslidkiv [War: from economic motives to consequences]. Ekonomichnyi chasopys–XXI – Economic Journal–XXI, 9–10, 12–18. Available at: http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/45575/03-Vozniy.pdf?sequence=1.
Keynes, J. M. The general theory of employment, interest and money. Available at: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/125515/1366_KeynesTheoryofEmployment.pdf.
Popovych, H. (2020). Mizhnarodna bezpeka yak hlobalna problema suchasnosti [International security as a global problem of modern times]. Mizhnarodnyi naukovyi visnyk – International Scientific Bulletin, 2, 133–141. Available at: http://visnyk-international.uzhnu.edu.ua/issue/view/14570.
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press, 152. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/italian-politicalscience-review-rivista-italiana-di-scienza-politica/article/douglass-c-north-institutions-institutional-change-and-economic-performance-cambridge-cambridge-university-press-1990-viiipp-152-trad-it-bologna-il-mulino-1994/A174A35F82E697B31D226AB9C116A2B9.
Findlay, R., O’Rourke, K. (2009). Power and plenty: trade, war and the world economy in the second millennium. Princeton University Press, 648. Available at: https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=v1oU3DEpsd8C&pg=PA1&hl=uk&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2.
Kennedy, P. (1989). The rise and fall of the great powers: economic change and military conflict from 1500 to 2000. Available at: https://fsi20183.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/paulkennedy-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-great-powers_-economic-change-and-military-conflict-from-1500-to-2000-random-house-1987.pdf.
Kun, T. (2001). Struktura naukovykh revoliutsii [The structure of scientific revolutions]. Kyiv: Port-Royal. Available at: http://litopys.org.ua/kuhn/kuhn.htm.
Kuznetsova, K. (2023). Biznes na krovi ukraintsiv: lyshe 9% svitovykh kompaniy pokynuly rynok RF [Business is in the blood of Ukrainians: only 9% of global companies have left the Russian market]. Available at: https://tsn.ua/svit/biznes-nakrovi-ukrayinciv-lishe-9-svitovih-kompaniy-pokinulirinok-rf-2263201.html.
Alekseenko, I. (2004). Svitovi tsyvilizatsii v istorychnii dynamitsi [World civilizations in historical dynamics]. Politychnyi menedzhment, 3, 152–162. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/PoMe_2004_3_18.
Horlynskyi, V. V. (2011). Filosofiia bezpeky i staloho liudskoho rozvytku: tsinnisnyi vymir [The philosophy of security and sustainable human development: a value dimension]. Kyiv: Vyd. PARAPAN. Available at: https://ela.kpi.ua/bitstream/123456789/57621/1/Monohrafiia_Horlynskyi.pdf.
Perepelytsia, H. M. (2009). Paradyhma novoi arkhitektury yevropeiskoi bezpek [The paradigm of the new European security architecture]. Naukovi visnyk Dyplomatychnoi akademii Ukrainy – Scientific Bulletin of the Diplomatic Academy of Ukraine, 15, 99–105. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nvdau_2009_15_14.
